Friday 15 Podcast

Is Digital Transformation a Project or a Program?

Brian Beck and Andy Hoar examine whether digital transformation should be managed as a finite project or an ongoing program, finding that 96% say program but most companies manage it like a project.

Friday 15 Podcast

Key takeaways

  • A Master B2B LinkedIn poll found 96% of practitioners believe digital transformation is a program with no specific end date, while only 4% said it is a project with a start and end date.
  • McKinsey found that 70% of large-scale transformation efforts fail, Bain reported 88% do not achieve original ambitions, and Deloitte found 70% of digital transformation projects fail.
  • The largest share of value loss in transformations occurs during implementation, with poor planning in earlier phases contributing to execution failures when other priorities compete for attention.
  • MDM research found distributors are likely to shift sourcing domestically within three years, with many citing tariffs as a key factor driving supply chain reconsideration.
  • The hosts concluded that digital transformation is fundamentally a program composed of discrete projects, and ownership must sit at the CEO level since it represents business transformation.

Distributors rethinking supply chains

MDM reported that distributors are likely to shift sourcing domestically within three years, with many citing tariffs as a key factor. This trend began during the pandemic when companies realized supply chains, particularly in China, were unreliable. Nike moved production from China to Vietnam and other locations. The hosts noted that China’s ecosystem of technology and talent makes shifting difficult, but diversification interest has increased significantly.

The project versus program question

The hosts posed a fundamental question: is digital transformation a project with a start and end date, or an ongoing program with no specific finish line? A project has milestones leading to completion. A program goes through phases but comes back full circle for continuous improvement. How this question is answered determines resource allocation, measurement approaches, and executive expectations.

Digital transformation is not a project. It’s a program. It’s a way of being. It’s an existential thing.

Andy Hoar, Master B2B

Overwhelming agreement on paper

A LinkedIn poll found 96% of practitioners believe digital transformation is a program, while only 4% said project. The hosts joked that maybe the 4% were being honest about how companies manage it in practice. Despite near-universal agreement that transformation should be ongoing, operational reality often treats it as a finite initiative with completion milestones.

The failure rate reality

Research shows alarming failure rates. McKinsey found 70% of large-scale transformation efforts fail. Bain reported 88% of business transformations do not achieve original ambitions. Deloitte found 70% of digital transformation projects fail. The hosts noted the irony of Deloitte using the word projects in the same sentence as transformation, highlighting the conceptual confusion.

Four reasons transformations fail

The hosts identified four main causes: lack of clear measurable goals that allow success to be defined, insufficient change management running parallel to technology implementation, overloading top talent without reducing other responsibilities, and poor technology adoption decisions around platforms and integrations. Change management is often the biggest gap, with companies assuming technology implementation equals transformation.

Most of these things probably fail because the humans don’t ever get on board with it. There’s resistance. There’s misalignment.

Andy Hoar, Master B2B

Value loss during implementation

McKinsey found the largest share of value loss occurs during implementation rather than earlier phases. Poor targeting and planning contribute, but execution is where transformations die. When a marketing executive is compensated on lead scoring but asked to drive transformation on the side, the paying priority wins. Successful achievers get punished with more responsibilities, leading to burnout.

Completion correlates with success

McKinsey found that completing more planned tasks correlates highly with success. Companies that completed 24 or more actions had much higher success rates than those completing fewer. The hosts interpreted this as evidence that good planning combined with disciplined execution matters. Transformations lose momentum when the hard work begins and companies let priorities slip.

CEO ownership required

The hosts concluded that digital transformation is really business transformation. It changes how sales reps operate, where technology money is spent, and how the company goes to market. This means ownership must sit at the CEO level. A director or senior manager cannot drive the mindset shifts required across an organization. They lack sufficient influence to force change in sales-led organizations resistant to digital approaches.

Frequently asked questions

Is digital transformation a project or a program?

A Master B2B LinkedIn poll found 96% of practitioners believe digital transformation is a program with no specific end date, while only 4% said it is a project. However, the hosts observed that most companies talk program but manage project, allocating resources and measuring success as if there were a finish line. This disconnect between stated beliefs and operational reality contributes to high failure rates.

Why do most digital transformations fail?

Research shows high failure rates: McKinsey found 70% of large-scale transformation efforts fail, Bain reported 88% do not achieve original ambitions, and Deloitte found 70% of digital transformation projects fail. The hosts identified four main causes: lack of clear measurable goals, insufficient change management, overloading top talent without reducing other responsibilities, and poor technology adoption decisions.

When does value loss occur in transformations?

McKinsey research found the largest share of value loss occurs during implementation rather than planning phases. The hosts attributed this to poor targeting and planning phases, competing priorities that distract from execution, and compensation structures that reward existing responsibilities over transformation work. If a marketing executive is compensated on lead scoring but asked to drive transformation on the side, the paying priority wins.

Why is change management critical to transformation success?

The hosts emphasized that change management must run parallel to technology implementation rather than being treated as an afterthought. They cited Cisco's acquisition approach: for every person assigned to operationalize an acquisition, they assign a human resources or change management person. Most transformations fail because humans never get on board, creating resistance and misalignment that undermines technical success.

Who should own digital transformation?

The hosts concluded that digital transformation is really business transformation, which means ownership must sit at the CEO level. A director or senior manager cannot drive the mindset shifts required across an organization. They lack sufficient influence to change how sales reps operate, where technology money is spent, and how the company goes to market. The CEO and board ultimately own business transformation.

What predicts transformation success?

McKinsey found that completing more tasks correlates highly with transformation success. Companies that completed 24 or more planned actions had much higher success rates than those completing fewer. The hosts interpreted this as evidence that momentum matters: transformations lose steam during implementation when the hard work begins, and companies that maintain execution discipline outperform those that let priorities slip.

Sources & methodology

  1. Friday 15 Podcast, Master B2B
  2. Master B2B LinkedIn poll, February 2025
  3. McKinsey, transformation failure rates and value loss
  4. Bain, business transformation study
  5. Deloitte, digital transformation project failure
  6. MDM, distributor sourcing survey
Andy Hoar Andy Hoar
Co-Founder, Master B2B

Andy is a Co-Founder of Master B2B, founder of Paradigm B2B and author of the book Bot2Bot: The New Future of B2B Commerce. Andy is one of the leading global authorities on B2B commerce strategy.

Brian Beck Brian Beck
Co-Founder, Master B2B

Brian is a co-founder of Master B2B, Managing Partner of Amazon agency Enceiba, and author of the book "Billion Dollar B2B Ecommerce." Brian has also been C-level digital commerce executive with two decades of experience.

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